Uses of Plants

 

Crops are cultivated to provide for the basic necessities of life, that is, for food, clothing and shelter. In this chapter, we shall classify crops according to their uses. With this type of classification, some crops will fall in more than one group because they have more than one uses.

Their uses includes

(a) Food crops

Image of  food crop

                                                               

(b) Industrial crops

Industrial crops

(c) Ornamental crops

 Ornamental crops

 Crops and their uses

Crops	Uses
Maize	As food for man and livestock
Cowpeas	As food for man and livestock
Yam, beans	As food for man and livestock
Millet	As food for man and livestock
Rice	As food for man and livestock
Guinea corn	As food for man and livestock
Citrus	As fruits and jams
Guava	As fruits and jams
Mango	As fruits and jams
Pawpaw	As fruits and jams
Pineapple	As fruits and jams
Banana	As fruits and jams
Wood and timber	In building boats, firewood, construction and furniture making
Timber	In building boats, firewood, construction and furniture making
Jute	Sacks and ropes
Rubber	Tyres, tubes, football bladders, soles of shoes
Grasses and legumes	Livestock feeding
Yam	Food for man and livestock
Cocoyam	Food for man and livestock
Potatoes	Food for man and livestock
Cassava	Food for man and livestock
Tomatoes	Edible vegetable
Carrots	Edible vegetable
Okro	Edible vegetable
Pumpkin	Edible vegetable
Cucumber	Edible vegetable
Sugarcane	Edible juice and table sugar
Coffee	Beverage (non-alcoholic)
Cocoa	Beverage (chocolate beverage)
Palm nut	Spice and condiments
Palm oil	Cooking oil, soap making, palm kernel cake, as livestock feed
Coconut	Cooking oil and soap making
Cotton	As thread, textiles

Here is the table from the image transcribed exactly as it appears:

Sources and functions of nutrients in Food 

Nutrient Sources Functions

1. Carbohydrates Maize, guinea corn, cassava, grasses, wheat, potatoes, rice, millet, sorghum, plantain, forage grasses, hay, sugarcane, molasses, sweet potato. Provides energy for body growth, reproduction, and other activities like build‑up of fat.

2. Proteins Fish, meat, blood meal, meat meal, groundnut cake, soybean meal, cotton seed cake, palm kernel cake, brewer’s grain, synthetic sources. For growth of young ones; for repair of worn out tissues or cells. Used in the formation of gametes in reproduction; egg and milk production.

3. Fats & oil Soybean meal, groundnut cake, palm kernel cake, cotton seed cake, animal fat, fish oil, synthetic sources. Provides more energy than carbohydrates; supplies polyunsaturated fatty acids for fat build‑up. Improves palatability of the diet. Aids in the lubrication of joints.

4. Minerals Bone meal, oyster shell, limestone, salt (NaCl), calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, limestone, magnesium sulphate, potassium sulphate, iron sulphate, manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, cobalt, iodine.

 Fat‑soluble: A, D, E & K. Major factor in osmotic control and acid‑base balance in the body. Essential for growing, pregnant and nursing animals (Ca & P).

5. Vitamins Fish liver oil, green leaves, yellow maize.

 Water soluble: B‑complex and C. Synthetic sources: niacin, pyridoxine. For growth, maintenance of health, chemical reaction, healing of wounds, milk production and assist in blood clotting.

6. Water Drinking water from tap. Rain water from rivers and ponds. Green grasses and fresh fodder. For drinking purpose; for metabolic and digestion of food; for dropping breeding animals against dehydration and heat stress; for washing and cleaning of animals.

Sources, Functions and deficiency symptoms of various minerals

Mineral Sources Functions Deficiency/Symptoms

1.Calcium Bone meal, oyster shell, limestone with milk Bone alignment formation, Egg shell formation, Blood clotting Oste osteoporosis, soft egg shell

Phosphorus Bone meal, Dicalcium phosphate, fish meal Bone and teeth formation, Acid base balance, Egg shell formation Rickets, Lack of appetite, osteomalacia

Magnesium Maize, wheat germs, roughages Acts in enzyme of the nervous system, Activation of enzymes Hyperirritability, nervous disorder called tetany

Sodium & Chlorine Common salt, fish meal Regulation of osmotic pressure, Maintenance of body pH in extracellular fluid Reduced growth and weight, decease appetite

Sulphur Salt licks, fish meal Constituent of protein and amino acids Poor growth,

Iron Yeast, iron injection Constituent of haemoglobin, Component of cytochrome, Constituent of protein called myoglobin Anaemia e.g baby pig anaemia o piglets